What are the different grades of Polyanionic Cellulose?

Polyanionic Cellulose(PAC)is primarily classified by viscosity,application(industry grade),purity/degree of substitution(DS),and salt/thermal resistance.The main standardized grades are:

1.Viscosity Grades(Most Common,API/OCMA Standard)

PAC-LV(Low Viscosity)

Viscosity:≤40 mPa·s(1%solution)

Function:Primarily fluid loss control(filtration reduction)with minimal viscosity increase

Use:High-density drilling muds,completion fluids,construction grouts,food/beverages

PAC-HV(High Viscosity/PAC-R,Regular)

Viscosity:≥40–50 mPa·s(1%solution)

Function:Dual function—fluid loss control+significant viscosity building

Use:Low-solids drilling muds,hole cleaning,suspending cuttings,tile adhesives

PAC-SL(Super Low Viscosity)

Ultra-low viscosity for ultra-high-density muds where minimal thickening is critical

2.By Purity&Degree of Substitution(DS)

Standard Grade:DS~0.6–0.8(general industrial)

High-Purity/High-DS Grade:DS≥0.85–1.4

Superior salt/calcium/thermal stability(to 150°C)

For offshore/saturated brine/HTHP wells

3.By Industry/Application Grade

Oilfield Grade(API 13A,OCMA):LV/HV/R for drilling/completion fluids

Food Grade(E466,FDA/FAO-WHO):Low heavy metals,for food thickening/stabilizing

Construction Grade:Medium viscosity,water retention for mortars/adhesives

Ceramic/Paint Grade:Binder/rheology control for glazes&coatings

4.By Salt/Temperature Resistance

Standard PAC:Freshwater systems

Salt-Resistant PAC(PAC-R/S):Seawater/saturated brine

HTHP PAC:Stable≥150°C for deep wells

References

GB/T 7714

Li M,Sun J,Zhou C.Classification and performance evaluation of polyanionic cellulose for oilfield applications[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2023,221:111356.

MLA

Li,Ming,et al."Classification and Performance Evaluation of Polyanionic Cellulose for Oilfield Applications."Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,vol.221,2023,p.111356.

APA

Li,M.,Sun,J.,&Zhou,C.(2023).Classification and performance evaluation of polyanionic cellulose for oilfield applications.Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,221,111356.